Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Tingkat Kesepian Dengan Jenis Kelamin Sebagai Variabel Moderator Pada Mahasiswa Rantau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v12n02.p611-624Keywords:
Dukungan Sosial, Kesepian, Jenis kelamin, MahasiswaAbstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap kesepian dengan variabel jenis kelamin sebagai moderator pada mahasiswa rantau. Dinamika mahasiswa rantau sangat kompleks. Salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi adalah kesepian. Dukungan sosial merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kesepian. Jenis kelamin menjadi moderator untuk menguji lemah atau kuat hubungan dukungan sosial terhadap tingkat kesepian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis). Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 400 orang yang terdiri dari 200 perempuan dan 200 laki-laki. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria individu berumur 18 – 25 tahun dan mahasiswa rantau di Surabaya. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (Russell, 1996) dan dukungan sosial (Sarafino & Smith, 2011). Terdapat pengaruh dukungan sosial sebesar 60% terhadap tingkat kesepian, akan tetapi jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh signifikan sebagai variabel moderator. Implikasi temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya dukungan sosial dalam mengurangi tingkat kesepian pada mahasiswa rantau, mengindikasikan bahwa dengan memperoleh dukungan sosial yang baik akan mengurangi tingkat kesepian secara efektif, terlepas dari jenis kelamin mahasiswa rantau.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of social support on loneliness, with gender as a moderator variable, among sojourning university students. The dynamics experienced by sojourning students are highly complex, and one of the significant challenges they face is loneliness. Social support is identified as a factor that can influence the level of loneliness. Gender was included as a moderator to examine the strength of the relationship between social support and loneliness levels. This research employed a quantitative approach with a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) design. The study's population consisted of 400 individuals, comprising 200 females and 200 males. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, with inclusion criteria being individuals aged 18–25 years who are sojourning students in Surabaya. The instruments used were the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (Russell, 1996) and the Social Support Scale (Sarafino & Smith, 2011). The results indicated that social support explained 60% of the variance in loneliness levels; however, gender did not show a significant moderating effect. The implications of these findings underline the importance of social support in reducing loneliness levels in out-of-town students, indicating that obtaining good social support will effectively reduce loneliness levels, regardless of the gender of out-of-town students.
Downloads
References
Aguilar-Palacio, I., Maldonado, L., Malo, S., Sánchez-Recio, R., Marcos-Campos, I., Magallón-Botaya, R., & Rabanaque, M. J. (2021). Covid-19 inequalities: Individual and area socioeconomic factors (aragón, Spain). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126607
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Azwar. (2012). Penyusunan Skala Psikologi (Edisi II). Pustaka Pelajar.
Bemardon, S., Babb, K. A., Hakim-Larson, J., & Gragg, M. (2011). Loneliness, attachment, and the perception and use of social support in university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 43(1), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021199
Bilecen, B., Diekmann, I., & Faist, T. (2024). Loneliness among Chinese international and local students in Germany: the role of student status, gender, and emotional support. European Journal of Higher Education, 14(3), 470–488. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2023.2215992
Boli, R., Silva, K. F. Da, Umar, R. B., & Killing, I. Y. (2024). PERSPEKTIF KESEPIAN PADA MAHASISWA YANG TINGGAL JAUH DARI KELUARGA ( MAHASISWA RANTAU ) PERSPECTIVES ON LONELINESS IN STUDENTS LIVING FAR FROM FAMILY ( STUDENTS FROM ABOARD ). 2(1), 2–7.
Brehm, S. (2002). Intimate Relationship. Mc. Graw Hill.
Brett, C. E., Mathieson, M. L., & Rowley, A. M. (2023). Determinants of wellbeing in university students: The role of residential status, stress, loneliness, resilience, and sense of coherence. Current Psychology, 42(23), 19699–19708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03125-8
Chang, L. (1994). A Psychometric Evaluation of 4-Point and 6-Point Likert-Type Scales in Relation to Reliability and Validity. Applied Psychological Measurement, 18(3), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662169401800302
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches ( 4th Ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, January 1983, 37–67.
Datuchtidha, S., & Huwae, A. (2024). Tantangan Menjalani Kehidupan di Perantauan : Studi Hubungan Antara Regulasi Diri dengan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa Rantau di Salatiga. Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan Konseling Undiksa, 15(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23887/jibk.v15i3.87575
Ferdianti, R., Sujadi, E., & Putra, B. (2024). KEMAMPUAN BERADAPTASI MAHASISWA PERANTAU : APAKAH GAYA HIDUP HEDONIS DAN CULTURE SHOCK MEMILIKI PERAN ? CONS-IEDU: Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 04(02), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.51192/cons.v4i2.1113
Ghozali, I. (n.d.). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (Edisi 8). Cetakan ke VIII. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gondokusumo, A. L., & Soetjiningsih, C. H. (2023). DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN KESEPIAN PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU UKSW DARI LUAR PULAU JAWA. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality, 12(2), 831–836. http://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JIH
Khan, M. J., Altaf, S., & Kausar, H. (2013). Effect of Perceived Academic Stress on College Students. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 146–151. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327280770%0AEffect
Kurniati, D., Maputra, Y., Sari, L., Mafaza, Purna, R. S., & Armalita, R. (2023). Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Psychological Well-Beingpada Pengangguran Terdidik. Jurnal Psibernetika, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.30813/psibernetika
Marandof, K. D. B., & Sarajar, D. K. (2024). Hubungan dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri pada mahasiswa rantau dari wilayah 3t daerah papua. Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality, 13(1), 61–72. https://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JIH/article/view/3320
Meianisa, K., & Rositawati, S. (2023). Pengaruh Social Support terhadap Loneliness pada Mahasiswa Rantau di Kota Bandung. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science, 3(1), 640–646. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v3i1.6698
Mubina, N., & Leometa, C. H. (2024). Peran Self-Compassion dalam Menghadapi Loneliness pada Mahasiswa Perantau The Role of Self-Compassion in Dealing with Loneliness in Migrant Student terhadap Kepala Disdukcapil Kabupaten. 5(3), 739–745.
Muttaqin, V. A., Hidayati, I. A., & Hidayati, A. (2022). Pengalaman Kesepian Pada Mahasiswa Rantau Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Psikologi Psikostudia, 11(4), 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikostudia.v11i4
Nurayni, & Supradewi, R. (2017). DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN RASA MEMILIKI TERHADAP KESEPIAN PADA MAHASISWA PERANTAU SEMESTER AWAL DI UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO. Proyeksi, 12(2), 35–42.
Pramasella, F. (2019). Hubungan Antara Lima Besar Tipe Sifat Kepribadian Dengan Kesepian Pada Mahasiswa Rantau. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 7(3), 457–465. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v7i3.4805
Purnamasari, L. N. (2024). Resiliensi Mahasiswa Rantau di Kota Surabaya yang Mendapatkan Dukungan Sosial dari Komunitas Kristen. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 11(02), 905–921. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v11n2.p905-921
Putra, F. K., & Winta, M. V. I. (2024). LONELINESS PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU DI KOTA SEMARANG. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, 5(1), 222–224. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55943/jipmukjt.v5i1.153
Putri, T. C., & Monika. (2024). DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DAN KESEPIAN MAHASISWA PERANTAUAN DI JAKARTA. Ilmiah Jurnal Multidisiplin Terpadu, 8(11), 224–229. https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jimt/article/view/6074
Ren, L., Han, X., Li, D., Hu, F., Mo, B., & Liu, J. (2021). The association between loneliness and depression among Chinese college students: Affinity for aloneness and gender as moderators. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1789861
Rinaldi, M. R. (2021). Kesepian pada Mahasiswa selama Pandemi COVID-19 Loneliness among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Psikologi Teori Dan Terapan, 11(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v11n3.p267-277 Kesepian
Russell, Daniel W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
Russell, Daniel Wayne, & Pang, Y. C. (2016). Loneliness. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1085-1
Salfa, H. N. (2023). Peran Sosial Perempuan dalam Masyarakat dan Implikasinya terhadap Penempatan Perempuan Anggota Legislatif Pada Komisi-Komisi di DPR RI Periode 2019-2024. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri Dan Hubungan Internasional, 13(2), 162–181. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v13i2.3163
Sandjojo, C. T. (2017). Hubungan Antara Kualitas Persahabatan Dengan Kebahagiaan Pada Remaja Urban. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 6(2), 1721–1740.
Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2011). Health Psychology : Biopsyhosocial Interactions Seventh Edition. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 1). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Sembiring, A. C., & Bajirani, M. P. D. (2024). Gambaran Pengalaman Kesepian Pada Mahasiswa Sarjana (S1) Rantau. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(23), 101–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14560592
Simanjuntak, J. G. L. L., Prasetio, C. E., Tanjung, F. Y., & Triwahyuni, A. (2021). Psychological Well-Being Sebagai Prediktor Tingkat Kesepian Mahasiswa. Jurnal Psikologi Teori Dan Terapan, 11(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v11n2.p158-175
Sinambela, S. M., Saragih, M. D., Novi, J., & Lumbantobing, Y. (2025). Dinamika Kebudayaan dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Modern. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 2(2), 65–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v2i2.1521
Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Tifferet, S. (2020). Gender Differences in Social Support on Social Network Sites: A Meta-Analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(4), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0516
Wulandari, I., Suroso, & Risata, K. (2023). Motivasi belajar mahasiswa rantau dari Luar Jawa: Adakah peran penyesuaian diri? INNER: Journal of Psychological Research, 2(4), 567–577. https://aksiologi.org/index.php/inner
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Chaniva Lailatul Maslakhah, Siti Jaro'ah, Siti Ina Savira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
Copyright in any article is held by the author.
The author grants the journal, publication rights with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in an institutional repository or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Abstract views: 1
,
PDF Downloads: 0
