Studi Kasus Skizofrenia Paranoid dalam Perspektif Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v12n02.p784-793Keywords:
Dinamika psikologis, skizofrenia paranoid, psikoanalisis, mekanisme pertahanan diriAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika psikologis individu dengan gangguan skizofrenia paranoid menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Partisipan merupakan seorang laki-laki berusia 28 tahun yang didiagnosis skizofrenia paranoid sejak usia 25 tahun. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam (autoanamnesa dan alloanamnesa), observasi perilaku, dan dokumentasi rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gangguan muncul akibat konflik intrapsikis antara id, ego, dan superego yang tidak terselesaikan, diperkuat oleh faktor predisposisi biologis (riwayat gangguan jiwa dalam keluarga) dan pengalaman masa kecil yang penuh konflik serta kurang perhatian. Subjek menggunakan berbagai mekanisme pertahanan diri seperti represi, rasionalisasi, displacement, denial, dan proyeksi untuk meredam kecemasan. Ketika ego tidak mampu mengatasi tekanan, perilaku maladaptif hingga gejala psikosis khas skizofrenia paranoid terjadi pada individu.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of an individual with paranoid schizophrenia using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach. The research method employed is qualitative with a case study design. The participant is a 28-year-old male who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia at the age of 25. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (autoanamnesis and alloanamnesis), behavioral observation, and medical record documentation. The findings indicate that the disorder emerged from unresolved intrapsychic conflict between the id, ego, and superego, exacerbated by biological predisposition (family history of mental illness) and early childhood experiences characterized by conflict and lack of parental attention. The subject employed various defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, displacement, denial, and projection to manage anxiety. When the ego is unable to cope with the pressure, maladaptive behaviors and psychotic symptoms typical of paranoid schizophrenia occur in the individual.
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