Analisis Psikodinamik Konflik Internal dan Mekanisme Pertahanan Diri pada Dewasa dengan Skizofrenia Paranoid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n02.p768-775Kata Kunci:
Konflik internal, mekanisme pertahanan diri, psikodinamik, skizofrenia paranoid, studi kasusAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia paranoid merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan psikotik yang ditandai oleh distorsi persepsi, pikiran delusional, dan ketegangan intrapsikis yang mendalam. Kondisi ini sering menimbulkan konflik antara dorongan bawah sadar dan realitas objektif, yang berimplikasi pada munculnya mekanisme pertahanan diri sebagai bentuk penyesuaian psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika konflik internal dan mekanisme pertahanan diri pada individu dewasa yang didiagnosis dengan skizofrenia paranoid berdasarkan pendekatan psikodinamik. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus tunggal digunakan pada seorang laki-laki dewasa berusia 26 tahun yang menjalani perawatan di salah satu rumah sakit jiwa di Surabaya. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi klinis, autoanamnesis, alloanamnesis, dan dokumentasi medis. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud mengenai struktur kepribadian (id, ego, superego) dan mekanisme pertahanan diri. Konflik intrapsikis partisipan muncul akibat ketegangan antara keinginan pribadi dan tuntutan sosial yang tidak terpenuhi, yang dimanifestasikan dalam bentuk delusi identitas dan sikap defensif terhadap lingkungan. Mekanisme pertahanan diri yang dominan adalah proyeksi, rasionalisasi, dan penyangkalan. Analisis psikodinamik memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang dinamika kepribadian individu dengan skizofrenia paranoid dan dapat menjadi dasar perancangan intervensi klinis yang berfokus pada penguatan ego dan kesadaran realitas.
Abstract
Paranoid schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by perceptual distortion, delusional thoughts, and deep intrapsychic tension. This condition often generates conflict between unconscious impulses and objective reality, leading to the emergence of defense mechanisms as a form of psychological adjustment. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of internal conflict and defense mechanisms in an adult diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia through a psychodynamic approach. A qualitative single case study was conducted on a 26-year-old male patient undergoing treatment at a psychiatric hospital in Surabaya. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, clinical observation, autoanamnesis, alloanamnesis, and documentation. The analysis applied Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic framework of personality structure (id, ego, superego) and defense mechanisms. The patient’s intrapsychic conflict arises from tension between personal desires and unmet social expectations, manifested in identity delusion and defensive attitudes toward others. The dominant defense mechanisms identified were projection, rationalization, and denial. The psychodynamic analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the personality dynamics of individuals with paranoid schizophrenia and can serve as a foundation for clinical interventions that emphasize ego strengthening and reality orientation.
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