Studi Kualitatif Resiliensi Pada Perempuan Dewasa Awal Dengan Riwayat Self-harm

Abstract

Perilaku self-harm pada perempuan dewasa awal berkaitan erat dengan kesulitan regulasi emosi, tekanan interpersonal, dan kerentanan dalam menghadapi tuntutan perkembangan, namun tidak semua individu dengan riwayat self-harm terus terjebak dalam perilaku tersebut. Sebagian individu mampu berhenti dan membangun resiliensi sebagai bentuk adaptasi positif terhadap pengalaman hidup yang sulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam proses pembentukan resiliensi pada perempuan dewasa awal dengan riwayat self-harm, khususnya dalam pemaknaan pengalaman, regulasi emosi, dan dukungan sosial selama proses pemulihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Partisipan berjumlah lima perempuan dewasa awal berusia 18–25 tahun yang memiliki riwayat self-harm dan telah berhenti minimal selama 12 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resiliensi terbentuk melalui tahapan paparan terhadap adversitas, disrupsi makna diri, aktivasi sistem protektif, rekonstruksi makna pengalaman self-harm, integrasi pengalaman ke dalam identitas diri, serta terbentuknya orientasi masa depan yang lebih adaptif. Dukungan sosial, kemampuan regulasi emosi, dan pemaknaan pengalaman sebagai titik balik kehidupan menjadi faktor penting dalam memperkuat resiliensi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengalaman self-harm dipahami partisipan sebagai strategi koping terhadap tekanan emosional yang, melalui dukungan interpersonal dan rekonstruksi makna.

Abstract

Self-harm behavior among emerging adult women is closely associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, interpersonal stress, and vulnerability in coping with developmental demands; however, not all individuals with a history of self-harm remain engaged in such behaviors. Some are able to stop and develop resilience as a form of positive adaptation to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to explore in depth the process of resilience development in emerging adult women with a history of self-harm, particularly in relation to meaning-making, emotion regulation, and social support during recovery. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The participants consisted of five emerging adult women aged 18–25 years who had a history of self-harm and had stopped engaging in the behavior for at least 12 months. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings indicate that resilience develops through stages of exposure to adversity, disruption of self-meaning, activation of protective systems, reconstruction of meaning related to self-harm experiences, integration of these experiences into identity, and the formation of a more adaptive future orientation. Social support, emotion regulation, and the ability to interpret self-harm experiences as turning points were identified as key factors in strengthening resilience. The findings of this study conclude that participants understood self-harm as a coping strategy in response to emotional distress, which is shaped through interpersonal support and meaning reconstruction.