Distorsi Kognitif pada Pasien Gangguan Cemas Menyeluruh dengan Perspektif Kognitif Beck
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v13n02.p592-599Keywords:
Gangguan cemas menyeluruh, Kecemasan, Distorsi kognitif, Kognitif beckAbstract
Gangguan cemas menyeluruh (generalized anxiety disorder) merupakan gangguan mental yang ditandai oleh kekhawatiran berlebihan dan menetap yang tidak terbatas pada situasi tertentu. Individu dengan kondisi ini cenderung memiliki pola pikir negatif yang berperan dalam muncul dan bertahannya kecemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distorsi kognitif pada individu dengan gangguan cemas menyeluruh dalam perspektif kognitif Beck. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Subjek merupakan laki-laki berusia 36 tahun yang menjalani perawatan rawat jalan di RSUD X. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara (autoanamnesis dan alloanamnesis) mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distorsi kognitif yang dialami subjek meliputi catastrophizing, mind reading, overgeneralization, emotional reasoning, dan should statements. Distorsi tersebut membentuk pola yang berulang melalui keterkaitan antara core belief, pikiran otomatis, respons emosional, dan perilaku penghindaran, sehingga mempertahankan kecemasan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh stimulus eksternal, tetapi juga oleh struktur kognitif yang mendasarinya, sekaligus menegaskan pentingnya intervensi yang berfokus pada restrukturisasi kognitif untuk memutus siklus kecemasan.
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder characterized by excessive and persistent worry that is not limited to specific situations. Individuals with this condition tend to exhibit negative thinking patterns that contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety. This study aims to explore the cognitive distortions in an individual with GAD from Beck’s cognitive perspective. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. The subject was a 36-year-old male undergoing outpatient treatment at a regional public hospital (RSUD) X. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (autoanamnesis dan alloanamnesis) and observation. The results revealed that the subject experienced several cognitive distortions, including catastrophizing, mind reading, overgeneralization, emotional reasoning, and should statements. These distortions formed a recurring pattern involving core beliefs, automatic thoughts, emotional responses, and avoidance behaviors, which contributed to the maintenance of anxiety. The findings indicate that anxiety is not solely influenced by external stimuli, but also by underlying cognitive structures, while underscoring the importance of interventions focused on cognitive restructuring to break the cycle of anxiety.
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