PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF GREWIA KOORDERSIANA, BURRET STEM BARK
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Abstract
Grewia koordersiana, Burret is an Indonesian native plant with potential as a source of bioactive compounds; however, studies regarding its phytochemical content and biological activity remain limited. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of a 70% ethanol extract derived from the stem bark of G. koordersiana, Burret. Extraction was performed via maceration using 70% ethanol, followed by purification of the extract with n-hexane. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted using specific reagents, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method at a wavelength of 518 nm and expressed as an IC₅₀ value. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well-diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at extract concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100%. The study yielded 225.64 g of crude extract, representing a yield of 37.61%. Screening results indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. The antioxidant activity yielded an IC₅₀ value of 5.67 ppm, classifying it as very strong. Antibacterial activity showed inhibition zones against S. aureus of 5.43 mm (at 75%) and 6.64 mm (at 100%), and against E. coli ranging from 5.28 to 7.63 mm. Increasing the extract concentration resulted in larger inhibition zones. The 70% ethanol extract of G. koordersiana, Burret stem bark shows potential for development as a source of natural antioxidants and as a raw material for phytopharmaceuticals.
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